Perinatal characteristics and longer-term outcomes in Brazilian children with confirmed or suspected congenital Zika infection: ZIKAction Paediatric Registry.

Background: Despite growing scientific knowledge of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, questions remain regarding ZIKV infection in pregnancy and congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS). Methods: The ZIKAction Paediatric Registry is an international registry of children with documented ZIKV exposure in utero and/or with confirmed or suspected CZS. Its aim is to characterize these children (i.e., clinical, radiological, neurodevelopmental features) and describe outcomes, longer-term sequelae and management through retrospective case note review. This analysis described the maternal and perinatal characteristics of children in the Registry's Bahia arm, assessed their neuroimaging, ophthalmic, hearing and electroencephalography abnormalities by microcephaly classification and reported on hospitalisations. Children born in 2015-2018 and enrolled 2020-2021 in three public health facilities in Salvador were included. Results: Of 129 (57% female) children, 15 (11·6%) had laboratory-confirmed congenital ZIKV infection and 114 (88·4%) suspected CZS. At delivery, 15 (11·6%) were normocephalic, 30 (23·3%) moderately microcephalic, and 84 (65·1%) severely microcephalic. Median birth head circumference z-score was -3·51 [IQR, -4·69,-2·73]. During follow-up, all children had abnormal neuroimaging, 80·3% (94/117) abnormal electroencephalogram, 62·2% (77/120) ophthalmic abnormalities, and 27·4% (34/124) hearing impairment. Microcephaly classification was significantly associated with gestational age, and ophthalmological and electroencephalography abnormalities. Of 125 children with hospitalisation data, 52 (41·6%) had been hospitalised by most recent follow-up, at median age of 15·8 [4·0, 34·4] months; infections were the leading cause. Conclusion: Congenital ZIKV infection is an emerging disease with a varied and incompletely understood spectrum. Continued long-term follow-up is essential to understand longer-term prognosis and to inform future health and educational needs.

Conjuntivite e COVID-19 / Conjunctivitis and COVID-19

RESUMO Apresentamos um caso de conjuntivite por SARS-CoV-2 em mulher de 55 anos, com hiperemia e sensação de corpo estranho em ambos os olhos. O exame oftalmológico revelou conjuntivite. A paciente apresentou reação em cadeia da polimerase de SARS-CoV-2 detectável em swab conjuntival e nasal. O tratamento foi realizado com colírio de ciprofloxacina, corticoide e trometamol por 5 dias. Após o sétimo dia de evolução, houve melhora importante da conjuntivite, e foi repetido swab conjuntival, com resultado não detectável.

ABSTRACT We present a case of SARS-CoV-2 conjunctivitis in a 55-year-old female patient, with hyperemia and foreign body sensation in both eyes. The eye examination revealed conjunctivitis. She had detectable SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction on conjunctival and nasal swabs. She was treated with ciprofloxacin eye drops, corticosteroids and trometamol for 5 days. After the seventh day of evolution, there was a significant improvement in conjunctivitis, and repeated conjunctival swab was negative.

Hereditariedade do albinismo Oculocutâneo em um grupo populacional no estado da Bahia / Heredity of Oculocutaneous albinism in a population group in the state of Bahia

Objetivo: trazer conhecimentos sobre a hereditariedade do albinismo em famílias da Bahia, estado com estimativa de taxa elevada da característica. Métodos: pesquisa seccional descritiva por amostragem de conveniência, com consulta às fichas de atendimento do programa Genética e Sociedade (Instituto de Biologia- UFBA) e ao banco de dados da Associação de Pessoas com Albinismo da Bahia (APALBA). Resultados: no total de 457 albinos, verificaram-se 265 com mais de um caso de albinismo na família (58%). Casais formados por pessoas albinas tiveram filhos com a mesma característica, o que concorda com o modelo clássico de herança autossômica recessiva para o albinismo, que preconiza nesta situação 100% dos filhos também albinos. Entretanto, em uma família, o casal albino com traços fenotípicos de diferentes subtipos teve um filho pigmentado com avaliação oftalmológica normal. Essa ocorrência foi associada à heterogeneidade genética do albinismo parental. Conclusões: estudos sobre a transmissão hereditária do albinismo em populações numerosas podem trazer contribuições para escolhas reprodutivas, aconselhamento genético e acompanhamento em saúde, tendo em vista a implantação precoce de medidas preventivas de danos à pele e à visão.

Objective: this study aimed to bring knowledge about the heredity of albinism in families from Bahia, a state with an estimated high rate of the characteristic. Methods: descriptive sectional survey by convenience sampling, with consultation to records of admission of the Genetics and Society program (Institute of Biology- UFBA) and the database of the Association of People with Albinism in Bahia (APALBA). Results: in a total of 457 albinos, there were 265 with more than one case of albinism in the family (58%). Albino couples had children with the same characteristic, which agrees with the classic model of autosomal recessive inheritance for albinism, which advocates that in this situation 100% of the children are also albinos. However, in one of these families, the albino couple with phenotypic traits of different subtypes had a pigmented child with normal ophthalmological evaluation. This occurrence was associated with the genetic heterogeneity of parental albinism. Conclusions: studies about hereditary transmission of albinism in large populations can contribute to reproductive choices, genetic counseling, and health monitoring, with a view to early implementation of preventive measures for skin and vision damage.